{"id":"topics/cssf-supervision-and-compliance","title":"CSSF supervision and compliance","type":"topic","html":"<p>CSSF supervision and compliance runs through the Chamber from June 2024 to June 2026, in sittings that rebuilt the anti-money-laundering law, gave the CSSF new powers under DORA, MiCA and the AI Act, and turned two sanctions decisions into political disputes. The sittings covered the modernisation of the AML/CFT law and the beneficial-owners register, the split of digital-resilience and AI supervision between the CSSF, the CAA, the CNPD, the HCPN and the ILR, the licensing of crypto-asset service providers under MiCA, the friction between banks' know-your-customer duties and ordinary account opening, and the CSSF's Israeli state-bond prospectus and the Spuerkeess account closures. Bills 8291, 8340, 8407, 8695, 8387, 8592, 8567, 8307, 8364 and 8669 are named below. The <a href=\"/lhoft?page=topics%2Ffinancial-centre\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"topics/financial-centre\">The financial centre and financial regulation</a> page carries the DORA compliance-burden complaint and the ESMA supervision dispute; this page covers the rest. The quotes below are taken verbatim from the Compte rendu officiel of each sitting.</p>\n<h2>CSV</h2>\n<p>On 11 July 2024, during the debate on bill 8340 creating a dedicated anti-money-laundering office inside the Registration Administration, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fmaurice-bauer\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/maurice-bauer\">Maurice Bauer</a> described how the new office would work.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Mat dësem Projet de loi maache mir dat, andeems mir bannent der Enregistrementsverwaltung e spezifesche Büro grënnen, dee sech ausschliisslech mam Antiblanchiment, der Finanzéierung vum Terrorismus an dem Anhale vu finanzielle Sanctioune beschäftegt.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>With this bill we do that by creating a specific office inside the Registration Administration that deals exclusively with anti-money-laundering, terrorist financing and compliance with financial sanctions.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2024-07-11-n038\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2024-07-11-n038\">Sitting of 11 July 2024</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fmaurice-bauer\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/maurice-bauer\">Maurice Bauer</a>, CSV</p>\n<p>On 13 November 2024, during the debate on bill 8407 giving the Comité de prévention du blanchiment a statutory footing, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fcharles-weiler\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/charles-weiler\">Charles Weiler</a> described the committee's role.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>De Kommitee spillt eng zentral Roll an der Lutte géint de Blanchiment a géint d’Finanzéierung vum Terrorismus. D’Missioune vum Kommitee baséiere gréisstendeels op deem ministerielle Reglement, dee bis elo en place war.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>The committee plays a central role in the fight against money laundering and against terrorist financing. Its missions are based largely on the ministerial regulation that has been in place until now.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2024-11-13-n043\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2024-11-13-n043\">Sitting of 13 November 2024</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fcharles-weiler\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/charles-weiler\">Charles Weiler</a>, CSV</p>\n<p>On 22 January 2025, during the debate on bill 8387 implementing MiCA, TFR2, ELTIF and the green bonds regulation, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdiane-adehm\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/diane-adehm\">Diane Adehm</a> gave the new power the CSSF gains over crypto-asset holdings.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>An Zukunft kann d’CSSF vu jidderengem verlaangen, Moossnamen ze ergräifen, fir d’Gréisst vu senger Positioun oder senger Expositioun vu Kryptoaktiva ze reduzéieren.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>In future the CSSF can require anyone to take measures to reduce the size of their position or their exposure to crypto-assets.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2025-01-22-n060\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2025-01-22-n060\">Sitting of 22 January 2025</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdiane-adehm\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/diane-adehm\">Diane Adehm</a>, CSV</p>\n<p>On 1 April 2025, during the extended questions on financial education, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdiane-adehm\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/diane-adehm\">Diane Adehm</a> described the CSSF's Lëtzfin information portal.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>An dëse Portal leeft ënnert der Opsiicht vun der CSSF. Hei gëtt et Finanzinformatiounen, Simulatoren a vill aner Outilen, déi maachen, dass déi Jonk an d’Leit am Allgemengen d’Finanzwelt besser verstoe kënnen.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>This portal runs under the supervision of the CSSF. It offers financial information, simulators and many other tools that help young people and people in general to understand the financial world better.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2025-04-01-n075\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2025-04-01-n075\">Sitting of 1 April 2025</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdiane-adehm\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/diane-adehm\">Diane Adehm</a>, CSV</p>\n<h2>DP</h2>\n<p>On 19 March 2026, during the debate on bill 8592 on the automatic exchange of information on crypto-asset service providers, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fandre-bauler\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/andre-bauler\">André Bauler</a> cited German reporting on the rising use of crypto-assets in money laundering.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Den Undeel un der Geldwäsch, dee Kryptowärunge wéi Bitcoin a Co anhuelen, wier domat, sou den DLF, op 3,3 % vun alle verdächtege Fäll gestigen. Krimineller géifen ëmmer méi digital Transaktioune fir déi international Geldwäsch benotzen.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>The share of money laundering involving cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and others had thus risen, according to the DLF, to 3.3% of all suspicious cases. Criminals were increasingly using digital transactions for international money laundering.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-03-19-n135\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-03-19-n135\">Sitting of 19 March 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fandre-bauler\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/andre-bauler\">André Bauler</a>, DP</p>\n<p>On 28 April 2026, during the debate on bills 8307 and 8364 on critical-entities resilience and cybersecurity under NIS2, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsimone-beissel\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/simone-beissel\">Simone Beissel</a> warned about the resources of the three supervising authorities.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Déi Missioune vun deenen dräi Organer gi wierklech signifikativ verbreedert a mir musse wierklech oppassen, dass déi dräi Organer, déi elo enorm breet Missioune kritt hunn, genuch Manpower, genuch héichtechnologescht Material an och genuch Finanzmëttele kréien, well soss gëtt et schwiereg, déi komplizéiert Missiounen do ze erfëllen.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>The missions of these three bodies are really being significantly broadened, and we really have to watch that these three bodies, which have now been given enormously broad missions, get enough manpower, enough high-technology equipment and enough funding, because otherwise it will be difficult to fulfil these complicated missions.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-04-28-n136\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-04-28-n136\">Sitting of 28 April 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsimone-beissel\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/simone-beissel\">Simone Beissel</a>, DP</p>\n<h2>LSAP</h2>\n<p>On 17 June 2026, during the debate on bill 8695 further modernising the anti-money-laundering law, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-biancalana\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-biancalana\">Dan Biancalana</a> noted Luxembourg's improved standing with the FATF.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Lëtzebuerg huet an de leschte Jore vill Efforten ënnerholl, fir géint Geldwäsch virzegoen an huet sech och do déi néideg Instrumenter ginn. Am leschte Rapport vum GAFI a bei senger Visitt hu mer jo och méi positiv Réckmeldunge kritt, well mer eng ganz Rei Recommandatiounen zefriddestellend erfëllt hunn.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>In recent years Luxembourg has made great efforts against money laundering and has given itself the necessary instruments. In the last FATF report and visit we also got more positive feedback, because we have satisfactorily met a whole series of recommendations.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-06-17-n147\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-06-17-n147\">Sitting of 17 June 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-biancalana\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-biancalana\">Dan Biancalana</a>, LSAP</p>\n<p>On 18 March 2026, during the questions on Banque et Caisse d'Épargne closing accounts held by the International Criminal Court, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Ffranz-fayot\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/franz-fayot\">Franz Fayot</a> argued the closures were a political matter, not a technical compliance one.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>An et gëtt hei e politesche Volet an där Diskussioun. Hei ass net just e bankentechnesche Volet, ob een déi Konten do zoumécht oder net. Hei gëtt et e ganz eminent politesche Volet.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>There is a political dimension to this discussion. This is not just a banking-technical matter of whether these accounts are closed or not. There is a very eminent political dimension here.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-03-18-n133\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-03-18-n133\">Sitting of 18 March 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Ffranz-fayot\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/franz-fayot\">Franz Fayot</a>, LSAP</p>\n<h2>ADR</h2>\n<p>On 17 June 2026, during the debate on bill 8695 modernising the anti-money-laundering law, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-hardy\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-hardy\">Dan Hardy</a> described why money laundering and terrorist financing matter beyond the banking sector.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>wa mir iwwer Geldwäsch a Finanzéierung vum Terrorismus schwätzen, da stellen dës net nëmme Problemer fir d’Banken oder soss Finanzinstitutiounen duer. Heibäi handelt et sech ëm eng reell Gefor fir d’Integritéit vun eisem Wirtschaftsa Finanzsystem.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>When we talk about money laundering and terrorist financing, these are not only problems for banks or other financial institutions. This is a real danger to the integrity of our economic and financial system.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-06-17-n147\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-06-17-n147\">Sitting of 17 June 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-hardy\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-hardy\">Dan Hardy</a>, ADR</p>\n<p>On 28 April 2026, during the debate on bill 8669 deferring the paying up of a SARL's minimum capital, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-hardy\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-hardy\">Dan Hardy</a> linked slow bank-account opening to anti-money-laundering duties.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Dës Situatioun ass allerdéngs keen Zoufall an huet domadder ze dinn, datt d’Banke genee wéi Nottären un ëmmer méi streng a komplex Reglementatioune gebonne sinn, besonnesch am Beräich vun den Antigeldwäschan Know-your-customer-Flichten.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>This situation, however, is no coincidence, and has to do with the fact that banks, just like notaries, are bound by ever stricter and more complex regulations, particularly in the field of anti-money-laundering and know-your-customer duties.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-04-28-n136\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-04-28-n136\">Sitting of 28 April 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdan-hardy\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/dan-hardy\">Dan Hardy</a>, ADR</p>\n<h2>déi gréng</h2>\n<p>On 19 December 2024, during the debate on bill 7961 modernising the Register of Beneficial Owners, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsam-tanson\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sam-tanson\">Sam Tanson</a> explained why journalists' access to the register mattered.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A mir kréie souwuel vun der Press, déi eng ganz wichteg Roll huet an deem Beräich vun der Kontroll, wéi och vun internationalen Institutiounen, wéi zum Beispill engem GAFI, ëmmer erëm gesot, wéi wichteg et ass, net nëmmen, dass mer déi Date sammelen, mee dass se och richteg sinn.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>We are told again and again, both by the press, which plays a very important role in that area of control, and by international institutions such as the FATF, how important it is not only that we collect the data, but that it is also correct.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2024-12-19-n057\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2024-12-19-n057\">Sitting of 19 December 2024</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsam-tanson\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sam-tanson\">Sam Tanson</a>, déi gréng</p>\n<p>On 16 October 2025, during the debate on the CSSF's approval of the Israeli state-bond prospectus, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsam-tanson\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sam-tanson\">Sam Tanson</a> cited the CSSF's own legal opinion on the government's role.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>La CSSF devrait adresser une lettre au Gouvernement, afin de lui demander si l’État luxembourgeois prendrait officiellement position sous une quelconque convention dans ce contexte. En effet, si tel était le cas, le Gouvernement devrait porter une telle position/appréciation/opinion à la CSSF afin que la CSSF puisse en tenir compte dans l’exercice limité et indépendant de ses compétences</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>The CSSF should send a letter to the Government asking whether the Luxembourg State would officially take a position under any convention in this context, because if so, the Government would have to convey that position to the CSSF so that the CSSF could take it into account in the limited and independent exercise of its powers.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2025-10-16-n101\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2025-10-16-n101\">Sitting of 16 October 2025</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsam-tanson\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sam-tanson\">Sam Tanson</a>, déi gréng</p>\n<h2>Piraten</h2>\n<p>On 19 December 2024, during the debate on bill 7961 modernising the Register of Beneficial Owners, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsven-clement\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sven-clement\">Sven Clement</a> welcomed the clarified access for journalists.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Deementspriechend kann ech och nëmme begréissen, datt d’Journalisten hei weiderhin hiren Zougang behalen an datt deen och elo kloer gereegelt ass, soudatt mer do keng Doutte méi kréien.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>Accordingly I can only welcome that journalists continue to keep their access here and that it is now clearly regulated, so that we no longer have any doubt about it.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2024-12-19-n057\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2024-12-19-n057\">Sitting of 19 December 2024</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsven-clement\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sven-clement\">Sven Clement</a>, Piraten</p>\n<p>On 28 April 2026, during the debate on bills 8307 and 8364 on critical-entities resilience and NIS2, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsven-clement\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sven-clement\">Sven Clement</a> counted the authorities now sharing the supervisory load.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Ech kommen zréck op d’Buschtawenzopp: HCPN, ILR, CSSF, dräi Autoritéiten, ronn 8.000 Entitéiten ze iwwerwaachen.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>I come back to the alphabet soup: HCPN, ILR, CSSF, three authorities, around 8,000 entities to supervise.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-04-28-n136\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-04-28-n136\">Sitting of 28 April 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fsven-clement\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/sven-clement\">Sven Clement</a>, Piraten</p>\n<h2>déi Lénk</h2>\n<p>On 17 June 2026, during the debate on bill 8695 modernising the anti-money-laundering law, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fmarc-baum\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/marc-baum\">Marc Baum</a> gave his party's support.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Och mir ginn dësem Projet eis Zoustëmmung. Et ass e weidere Bausteen an der Lutte géint Blanchiment a Finanzement vum Terrorismus, an deem stëmme mir zou.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>We too give our support to this bill. It is a further building block in the fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorism, and we vote for it.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-06-17-n147\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-06-17-n147\">Sitting of 17 June 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fmarc-baum\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/marc-baum\">Marc Baum</a>, déi Lénk</p>\n<p>On 16 October 2025, during the debate on the CSSF's approval of the Israeli state-bond prospectus, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdavid-wagner\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/david-wagner\">David Wagner</a> described the legal criteria the CSSF applied.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>D’CSSF seet, genausou wéi déi iresch Zentralbank, datt si sech un déi europäesch Regulatioun vun der EZB hale muss.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>The CSSF says, just like the Irish central bank, that it must keep to the European ECB regulation.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2025-10-16-n101\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2025-10-16-n101\">Sitting of 16 October 2025</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=deputies%2Fdavid-wagner\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"deputies/david-wagner\">David Wagner</a>, déi Lénk</p>\n<h2>Ministers</h2>\n<p>On 13 June 2024, during the debate on bill 8291 implementing the EU DORA regulation, the Minister of Finance gave the fines the CSSF and the Commissariat aux assurances can now impose.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Jo, hei kënne Strofen ausgeschwat gi bis zu fënnef Milliounen Euro. Déi kënnen déi eenzel Entitéit treffen, mee wann Der den Detail gekuckt hutt, kënne se och souguer déi Leit, déi an der Direktioun vun engem Operateur drasëtzen, perséinlech, wa perséinlech Verfeelungen do wieren, treffen.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>Yes, fines of up to five million euros can be handed out here. They can affect the individual entity, but if you have looked at the detail, they can also hit the people who sit on an operator's board, personally, if there were personal failings.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2024-06-13-n031\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2024-06-13-n031\">Sitting of 13 June 2024</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=ministers%2Fgilles-roth\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"ministers/gilles-roth\">Gilles Roth</a>, Ministre des Finances</p>\n<p>On 12 February 2026, during the extended questions on bank-account access, the Minister of Finance described the CSSF's vademecum with the bankers' association ABBL.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Firwat? Well an enker Zesummenaarbecht d’CSSF mat der ABBL, also der Bankevereenegung, e Vademecum fir d’Ouverture vu Bankkonten ausgeschafft huet.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>Why? Because, in close cooperation, the CSSF and the ABBL, the bankers' association, have worked out a guide for opening bank accounts.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-02-12-n127\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-02-12-n127\">Sitting of 12 February 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=ministers%2Fgilles-roth\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"ministers/gilles-roth\">Gilles Roth</a>, Ministre des Finances</p>\n<p>On 16 October 2025, during the debate on the CSSF's approval of the Israeli state-bond prospectus, the Minister of Foreign and European Affairs read out the CSSF's letter on the limited grounds for refusing a prospectus.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Conformément au droit européen et luxembourgeois applicable en la matière, la CSSF ne peut refuser d’approuver un prospectus que dans trois cas précis : (1) si celui-ci ne satisfait pas aux dispositions susvisées (plus précisément, selon ces dispositions, les informations figurant dans le prospectus doivent être complètes, cohérentes et compréhensibles)</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>In accordance with the applicable European and Luxembourg law, the CSSF can only refuse to approve a prospectus in three precise cases: (1) if it does not satisfy the provisions referred to above, meaning the information in the prospectus must be complete, coherent and comprehensible.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2025-10-16-n101\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2025-10-16-n101\">Sitting of 16 October 2025</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=ministers%2Fxavier-bettel\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"ministers/xavier-bettel\">Xavier Bettel</a>, Ministre des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce extérieur</p>\n<p>On 19 March 2026, during the debate on bill 8567 setting up the European Single Access Point, the Minister of Finance stated that financial education is becoming a core CSSF supervisory mission.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>An dat steet an dem Gesetzesprojet dra vun der Bankenopsiicht, vun der CSSF, fir do net nëmmen iwwer Gouvernancereegelen ze schwätzen, mee dass dat an Zukunft och eng vun den Haaptmissiounen ass vun der Finanzopsiicht.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p><em>And that is in the bill on banking supervision, on the CSSF, so that it is not only about governance rules there, but that in future this is also one of the main missions of financial supervision.</em></p>\n<p><a href=\"/lhoft?page=seances%2F2026-03-19-n135\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"seances/2026-03-19-n135\">Sitting of 19 March 2026</a>, <a href=\"/lhoft?page=ministers%2Fgilles-roth\" class=\"wikiLink\" data-target=\"ministers/gilles-roth\">Gilles Roth</a>, Ministre des Finances</p>"}